Key Terms for Language & Theories
Mise-en scene - everything in the shot that the audience sees
Semiotics - study of signs and associations after reading the signs
Denotation - what is literally there (explicit)
Connotation - association with the sign (implicit)
Theories:
Semiology: Ronald Barthes
- study of signs consisting of a signifier (word, image, sound etc) and signified (meaning)
Denotations allow connotations/associations. They are organised into myths making ideology seem natural. Creating a kind of stereotype
Narratology: Tzvetan Todorov
- the study of narrative - how the parts fit together to make a whole.
All narratives are viewed as a move from one equilibrium to a new equilibrium. A disruption is what drives the move from one to the next.
The move entails a transformation expressing the narrative values.
Genre Theory: Steve Neale
- what genres are, how and why they're created, change or decline.
Genre is a process by which generic codes and conventions are spread by producers and audiences through repetition in and of media products.
Genres aren't fix, they are constantly changing and evolving with every addition to the generic corpus (group of products in a genre) - often becoming hybrids.
Generic codes also occur in products that refer to media products like critical writing and advertising.
Structuralism: Claude Levi-Strauss
- the study of hidden rules that control a structure.
Strauss believed the human mind could be investigated by analyzing the structure underlying myths and fables from across the globe - saw it as a unitary system
The idea of the binary opposite developed - the collective of myths and fables was controlled by a structure of opposites (eg: male/female)
Writers have analysed media products using the idea of binary opposites but viewing the overall system as ideology instead of a human consciousness.
Postmodernism: Jean Baudrillard
- the idea that society has moved beyond modernism - either an art/culture or sense of belief.
Modern societies were organised around production of goods therefore postmodern society is organised around simulation - the play of images and signs.
Social distinctions implode as differences of gender, class, politics and culture dissolve as simulation allows individuals to redefine their own identities.
A world of hyperreality - media simulations eg: Disneyland and amusement parks - are more real than the 'real' influencing and controlling how we think/behave.
Semiotics - study of signs and associations after reading the signs
Denotation - what is literally there (explicit)
Connotation - association with the sign (implicit)
Theories:
Semiology: Ronald Barthes
- study of signs consisting of a signifier (word, image, sound etc) and signified (meaning)
Denotations allow connotations/associations. They are organised into myths making ideology seem natural. Creating a kind of stereotype
Narratology: Tzvetan Todorov
- the study of narrative - how the parts fit together to make a whole.
All narratives are viewed as a move from one equilibrium to a new equilibrium. A disruption is what drives the move from one to the next.
The move entails a transformation expressing the narrative values.
Genre Theory: Steve Neale
- what genres are, how and why they're created, change or decline.
Genre is a process by which generic codes and conventions are spread by producers and audiences through repetition in and of media products.
Genres aren't fix, they are constantly changing and evolving with every addition to the generic corpus (group of products in a genre) - often becoming hybrids.
Generic codes also occur in products that refer to media products like critical writing and advertising.
Structuralism: Claude Levi-Strauss
- the study of hidden rules that control a structure.
Strauss believed the human mind could be investigated by analyzing the structure underlying myths and fables from across the globe - saw it as a unitary system
The idea of the binary opposite developed - the collective of myths and fables was controlled by a structure of opposites (eg: male/female)
Writers have analysed media products using the idea of binary opposites but viewing the overall system as ideology instead of a human consciousness.
Postmodernism: Jean Baudrillard
- the idea that society has moved beyond modernism - either an art/culture or sense of belief.
Modern societies were organised around production of goods therefore postmodern society is organised around simulation - the play of images and signs.
Social distinctions implode as differences of gender, class, politics and culture dissolve as simulation allows individuals to redefine their own identities.
A world of hyperreality - media simulations eg: Disneyland and amusement parks - are more real than the 'real' influencing and controlling how we think/behave.
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