Industries Summary (Driving Test)
Industries:
- how media industry's processes of production distribution and circulation effects it's products.
'New Media' - created and curated by the individual - not like news movies or radio (old media allows little scope for individuality) - new media audiences are no longer passive but are now prosumers (no longer a traditional audience; end of audience theory)
Power and media industries: James Curran & Jean Seaton
- a political economy approach to the media - patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate
Follow normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer hands - narrows the range of opinions
Internet doesn't represent a rupture with the past - it does not offer a level playing field for diverse voices to be heard
Constrained by nationalism and state censorship - news is still controlled by powerful news organisations who have defended their center of control
eg: Rupert Murdoch owns 1/3 of all press in the UK
Regulation: Sonia Livingstone & Peter Lunt
Studied 4 case studies of work of Ofcom
- Ofcom is serving an audience who are seen as consumers and/or citizens with consequences for regulation - consumers have wants, are individuals seeking private benefits from the media using the language of choice and require regulation to protect against harm.
Traditional regulation is at risk: increasingly globalized media industries, the rise of the digital media and media convergence.
Cultural industries: David Hesmondhalgh
- follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration and integration - owned and controlled by a few conglomerates who vertically integrate to reduce risk.
Risk is high in the cultural industries because of the difficulty in predicting success, high production costs, low reproduction costs, media products being public goods - not destroyed on consumption but can be reproduced - industries rely on big hits to cover costs of failures/flops
Rely on repetition through use of stars, genres, franchises, repeatable narratives etc - governments then try to put scarcity in place.
Internet has transformed cultural production in an empowering way - digital tech speed this up and increased surveillance by government.
Difficult for companies to predict success and profitability - revert to time tested ways (eg: Disney remakes) - repetitive, lazy, boring
Leisure time has to be saturated by something so it becomes co-modified - can be bought (not a necessity).
Internet has individualized media consumption - driving people apart
- how media industry's processes of production distribution and circulation effects it's products.
'New Media' - created and curated by the individual - not like news movies or radio (old media allows little scope for individuality) - new media audiences are no longer passive but are now prosumers (no longer a traditional audience; end of audience theory)
Power and media industries: James Curran & Jean Seaton
- a political economy approach to the media - patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate
Follow normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer hands - narrows the range of opinions
Internet doesn't represent a rupture with the past - it does not offer a level playing field for diverse voices to be heard
Constrained by nationalism and state censorship - news is still controlled by powerful news organisations who have defended their center of control
eg: Rupert Murdoch owns 1/3 of all press in the UK
Regulation: Sonia Livingstone & Peter Lunt
Studied 4 case studies of work of Ofcom
- Ofcom is serving an audience who are seen as consumers and/or citizens with consequences for regulation - consumers have wants, are individuals seeking private benefits from the media using the language of choice and require regulation to protect against harm.
Traditional regulation is at risk: increasingly globalized media industries, the rise of the digital media and media convergence.
Cultural industries: David Hesmondhalgh
- follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration and integration - owned and controlled by a few conglomerates who vertically integrate to reduce risk.
Risk is high in the cultural industries because of the difficulty in predicting success, high production costs, low reproduction costs, media products being public goods - not destroyed on consumption but can be reproduced - industries rely on big hits to cover costs of failures/flops
Rely on repetition through use of stars, genres, franchises, repeatable narratives etc - governments then try to put scarcity in place.
Internet has transformed cultural production in an empowering way - digital tech speed this up and increased surveillance by government.
Difficult for companies to predict success and profitability - revert to time tested ways (eg: Disney remakes) - repetitive, lazy, boring
Leisure time has to be saturated by something so it becomes co-modified - can be bought (not a necessity).
Internet has individualized media consumption - driving people apart
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